Genitives like “axeos”
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
I recently encountered a text written in Latin in Finland about two centuries ago using the form axeos.
From context it was clear that it was a genitive, and it looks just like the Greek genitive of words like polis.
But the word axis has also a Latin style genitive axis, and L&S mentions it as the only genitive.
When do genitives like axeos appear in Latin?
I assume they only appear in (perceived) Greek loans where nominative and genitive would look alike, ending in -is.
Is this form restricted to some contexts, eras, words, or authors?
Is only used when ambiguity between nominative and genitive would be an issue?
I understand the form but, frankly, I have no idea when to expect it.
Any insight is welcome.
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
greek morphologia declinatio substantivum declinatio-tertia
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
edited 5 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
asked 8 hours ago
Joonas Ilmavirta♦Joonas Ilmavirta
47.8k1166276
47.8k1166276
add a comment |
add a comment |
1 Answer
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For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
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For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
add a comment |
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
add a comment |
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
For what it's worth, I think this was simply a mistake.
Greek nouns ending in -is are generally third-declension i-stems, like póli-s. In Attic, these nouns tend to show an -i- in some forms and an -ei- in others, with no particular logic that I've ever learned; quantitative metathesis and contraction then make the forms even less predictable. The genitive singular of póli-s, for example, shifted from *póli-os to *poléi-os to póle-ōs.
Since these forms are so unpredictable, they have to be memorized rather than derived; I imagine Greek-speakers just learned that -is went to -eōs in the genitive, as a special rule, treating pól- as the stem and -eōs as the ending.
This writer seems to have then brought it into Latin as a sort of hypercorrection: axis is a native Latin word that never came through Greek (the Greek cognate is áxōn, with a regular genitive áxon-os), and Latin never had the vowel alternations and shifts that created póleōs.
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
answered 7 hours ago
DraconisDraconis
16.6k22171
16.6k22171
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