Fourth person (in Slavey language)
I was reading a Wikipedia article about the Slavey (Slave) language in Canada, and it says that Slavey has first, second, third and fourth person. I've never heard about a language having a fourth person, so I was just wondering if someone here knows when is this used and how it works? Or, since it isn't very likely you're familiar with this particular language, just in general, what does a fourth person in a language denote?
grammar linguistic-typology american-languages
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
add a comment |
I was reading a Wikipedia article about the Slavey (Slave) language in Canada, and it says that Slavey has first, second, third and fourth person. I've never heard about a language having a fourth person, so I was just wondering if someone here knows when is this used and how it works? Or, since it isn't very likely you're familiar with this particular language, just in general, what does a fourth person in a language denote?
grammar linguistic-typology american-languages
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago
add a comment |
I was reading a Wikipedia article about the Slavey (Slave) language in Canada, and it says that Slavey has first, second, third and fourth person. I've never heard about a language having a fourth person, so I was just wondering if someone here knows when is this used and how it works? Or, since it isn't very likely you're familiar with this particular language, just in general, what does a fourth person in a language denote?
grammar linguistic-typology american-languages
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
I was reading a Wikipedia article about the Slavey (Slave) language in Canada, and it says that Slavey has first, second, third and fourth person. I've never heard about a language having a fourth person, so I was just wondering if someone here knows when is this used and how it works? Or, since it isn't very likely you're familiar with this particular language, just in general, what does a fourth person in a language denote?
grammar linguistic-typology american-languages
grammar linguistic-typology american-languages
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
asked 9 hours ago
lmclmc
326211
326211
Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago
add a comment |
Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago
Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago
Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
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The fourth person is a (rare) synonym for the obviative. In languages with this feature, when there are two third-person referents and one of them is less salient, the less salient one may be marked as obviative and the more salient one as proximative. According to Rice (1989), the fourth-person pronoun go- is used for objects when the subject is third person (sorry, the source doesn't provide morpheme boundaries or a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, and I'm not familiar with American languages):
(1) nágoneht'u
'S/he is hitting them(human).'
The fourth-person pronoun ye- is used for third-person direct nonhuman objects when the subject is third person, as a fourth-person possessor (Rice doesn't go into much detail about this use), and used for third-person oblique arguments whose subjects are animate and in the third person:
(2) rígodéhtá
'S/he is counting them(human).'
(The e is nasalised - no idea how to type the Americanist symbol, sorry)
(3) yeyíe káidhah
4.guts
(Again, the i is nasalised, and the gloss for the second word is also missing in the main text.)
(4) yegts'é rádí
4.to 3.gives.help
'S/he helps him/her.'
References:
Rice, K. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
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2 Answers
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2 Answers
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The fourth person is a (rare) synonym for the obviative. In languages with this feature, when there are two third-person referents and one of them is less salient, the less salient one may be marked as obviative and the more salient one as proximative. According to Rice (1989), the fourth-person pronoun go- is used for objects when the subject is third person (sorry, the source doesn't provide morpheme boundaries or a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, and I'm not familiar with American languages):
(1) nágoneht'u
'S/he is hitting them(human).'
The fourth-person pronoun ye- is used for third-person direct nonhuman objects when the subject is third person, as a fourth-person possessor (Rice doesn't go into much detail about this use), and used for third-person oblique arguments whose subjects are animate and in the third person:
(2) rígodéhtá
'S/he is counting them(human).'
(The e is nasalised - no idea how to type the Americanist symbol, sorry)
(3) yeyíe káidhah
4.guts
(Again, the i is nasalised, and the gloss for the second word is also missing in the main text.)
(4) yegts'é rádí
4.to 3.gives.help
'S/he helps him/her.'
References:
Rice, K. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
add a comment |
The fourth person is a (rare) synonym for the obviative. In languages with this feature, when there are two third-person referents and one of them is less salient, the less salient one may be marked as obviative and the more salient one as proximative. According to Rice (1989), the fourth-person pronoun go- is used for objects when the subject is third person (sorry, the source doesn't provide morpheme boundaries or a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, and I'm not familiar with American languages):
(1) nágoneht'u
'S/he is hitting them(human).'
The fourth-person pronoun ye- is used for third-person direct nonhuman objects when the subject is third person, as a fourth-person possessor (Rice doesn't go into much detail about this use), and used for third-person oblique arguments whose subjects are animate and in the third person:
(2) rígodéhtá
'S/he is counting them(human).'
(The e is nasalised - no idea how to type the Americanist symbol, sorry)
(3) yeyíe káidhah
4.guts
(Again, the i is nasalised, and the gloss for the second word is also missing in the main text.)
(4) yegts'é rádí
4.to 3.gives.help
'S/he helps him/her.'
References:
Rice, K. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
add a comment |
The fourth person is a (rare) synonym for the obviative. In languages with this feature, when there are two third-person referents and one of them is less salient, the less salient one may be marked as obviative and the more salient one as proximative. According to Rice (1989), the fourth-person pronoun go- is used for objects when the subject is third person (sorry, the source doesn't provide morpheme boundaries or a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, and I'm not familiar with American languages):
(1) nágoneht'u
'S/he is hitting them(human).'
The fourth-person pronoun ye- is used for third-person direct nonhuman objects when the subject is third person, as a fourth-person possessor (Rice doesn't go into much detail about this use), and used for third-person oblique arguments whose subjects are animate and in the third person:
(2) rígodéhtá
'S/he is counting them(human).'
(The e is nasalised - no idea how to type the Americanist symbol, sorry)
(3) yeyíe káidhah
4.guts
(Again, the i is nasalised, and the gloss for the second word is also missing in the main text.)
(4) yegts'é rádí
4.to 3.gives.help
'S/he helps him/her.'
References:
Rice, K. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
The fourth person is a (rare) synonym for the obviative. In languages with this feature, when there are two third-person referents and one of them is less salient, the less salient one may be marked as obviative and the more salient one as proximative. According to Rice (1989), the fourth-person pronoun go- is used for objects when the subject is third person (sorry, the source doesn't provide morpheme boundaries or a morpheme-by-morpheme gloss, and I'm not familiar with American languages):
(1) nágoneht'u
'S/he is hitting them(human).'
The fourth-person pronoun ye- is used for third-person direct nonhuman objects when the subject is third person, as a fourth-person possessor (Rice doesn't go into much detail about this use), and used for third-person oblique arguments whose subjects are animate and in the third person:
(2) rígodéhtá
'S/he is counting them(human).'
(The e is nasalised - no idea how to type the Americanist symbol, sorry)
(3) yeyíe káidhah
4.guts
(Again, the i is nasalised, and the gloss for the second word is also missing in the main text.)
(4) yegts'é rádí
4.to 3.gives.help
'S/he helps him/her.'
References:
Rice, K. (1989). A grammar of Slave. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
edited 7 hours ago
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
answered 8 hours ago
WavesWashSandsWavesWashSands
2,216928
2,216928
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
add a comment |
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
For a typical Algonkian obviative system, see Obviation, Inversion, and Topic Rank in Ojibwa, by Richard Rhodes.
– jlawler
3 hours ago
add a comment |
Block Block quite the adventure for you
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Block Block quite the adventure for you
answered 3 hours ago
Mohd Zamri MahamadMohd Zamri Mahamad
1
New contributor
Mohd Zamri Mahamad is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
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Block Block quite the adventure for you
answered 3 hours ago
Mohd Zamri MahamadMohd Zamri Mahamad
1
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Mohd Zamri Mahamad is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.
Block Block quite the adventure for you
answered 3 hours ago
Mohd Zamri MahamadMohd Zamri Mahamad
1
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answered 3 hours ago
Mohd Zamri MahamadMohd Zamri Mahamad
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answered 3 hours ago
Mohd Zamri MahamadMohd Zamri Mahamad
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answered 3 hours ago
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Yes. Other languages with this feature include many of the indigenous languages of Canada. Even completely unrelated languages, Salish, Algonquian, Inuit. I have no idea why this feature is so strongly areal.
– Wilson
5 hours ago