阿拉米字母
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| 阿拉姆字母 | |
|---|---|
 一塊以古希臘語及亞拉姆語雙語書寫的古印度阿育王碑文，約公元前3世紀。 | |
| 类型 | 輔音音素文字 (Abjad) |
| 语言 | 阿拉姆語、希伯來語、敘利亞語、曼達語等 |
| 使用时期 | 公元前800年到公元600年 |
| 母书写系统 | 原始迦南字母
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| 子书写系统 | 希伯來字母 納巴泰字母 敘利亞字母 Palmyrenean 曼達字母 婆羅米字母 巴利字母 索丹字母 佉卢字母 |
| ISO 15924 | |
| Unicode范围 | U+10840至U+1085F（帝国阿拉姆字母） |
注意：本页可能包含Unicode的国际音标。 | |
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阿拉姆字母（英語：Aramaic alphabet），又譯阿拉米字母、亞蘭字母，是一種源自北方閃米特字母的輔音音素文字（abjad），通行於今日敘利亞以東的西亞地區。阿拉姆字母主要用來書寫阿拉姆語。現存的阿拉姆字母碑文都在公元前9世紀到前7世紀，大約在公元前8世紀開始與腓尼基字母分化，直到公元前331年波斯帝國瓦解後，開始分化成西亞地區的各種文字，包括今日的希伯來字母都是源於阿拉姆字母。
目录
1 帝国阿拉姆字母
2 Unicode
3 參考
4 外部連結
帝国阿拉姆字母
根據 Franz Rosenthal 的《A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic》重繪；這種字形用於公元前5世紀的埃及。名字同在圣經阿拉姆語中的一樣。
| 字母名字 | 字母形狀 | 希伯來字母 | 敘利亞字母 | 音值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Ālaph |  | .mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-size:1.15em;font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans} א | ܐ | .mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important} /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ |
Bēth |  | ב | ܒ | /b/, /v/ |
Gāmal |  | ג | ܓ | /ɡ/, /ɣ/ |
Dālath |  | ד | ܕ | /d/, /ð/ |
Hē |  | ה | ܗ | /h/ |
Waw |  | ו | ܘ | /w/; /oː/, /uː/ |
Zain |  | ז | ܙ | /z/ |
Ḥēth |  | ח | ܚ | /ħ/ |
Ṭēth |  | ט | ܛ | 咽音化 /tˁ/ |
Yudh |  | י | ܝ | /j/; /iː/, /eː/ |
Kāph |  | כ ך | ܟܟ | /k/, /x/ |
Lāmadh |  | ל | ܠ | /l/ |
Mim |  | מ ם | ܡܡ | /m/ |
Nun |  | נ ן | ܢܢ ܢ | /n/ |
Semkath |  | ס | ܣ | /s/ |
‘Ē |  | ע | ܥ | /ʕ/ |
Pē |  | פ ף | ܦ | /p/, /f/ |
Ṣādhē |  ,  | צ ץ | ܨ | 咽音化 /sˤ/ |
Qoph |  | ק | ܩ | /q/ |
Rēsh |  | ר | ܪ | /r/ |
Shin |  | ש | ܫ | /ʃ/ |
Tau |  | ת | ܬ | /t/, /θ/ |
Unicode
皇家亞拉姆字母[1] Unicode chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+1084x | 𐡀 | 𐡁 | 𐡂 | 𐡃 | 𐡄 | 𐡅 | 𐡆 | 𐡇 | 𐡈 | 𐡉 | 𐡊 | 𐡋 | 𐡌 | 𐡍 | 𐡎 | 𐡏 |
| U+1085x | 𐡐 | 𐡑 | 𐡒 | 𐡓 | 𐡔 | 𐡕 | 𐡗 | 𐡘 | 𐡙 | 𐡚 | 𐡛 | 𐡜 | 𐡝 | 𐡞 | 𐡟 | |
註釋
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參考
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- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
周有光，(1997年)，《世界文字發展史》，ISBN 7-5320-4906-X
- Byrne, Ryan. “Middle Aramaic Scripts.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- Rudder, Joshua. Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. ISBN 978-1461021421 Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.
- Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, online edition. (Judaea Coin Archive)
外部連結
 | 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源：亞蘭字母 |
- Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets
- The Aramaic and Hebrew Alphabet
- Omniglot entry
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