阿拉米字母

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阿拉姆字母 | |
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![]() 一塊以古希臘語及亞拉姆語雙語書寫的古印度阿育王碑文,約公元前3世紀。 | |
类型 | 輔音音素文字 (Abjad) |
语言 | 阿拉姆語、希伯來語、敘利亞語、曼達語等 |
使用时期 | 公元前800年到公元600年 |
母书写系统 | 原始迦南字母
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子书写系统 | 希伯來字母 納巴泰字母 敘利亞字母 Palmyrenean 曼達字母 婆羅米字母 巴利字母 索丹字母 佉卢字母 |
ISO 15924 | |
Unicode范围 | U+10840至U+1085F(帝国阿拉姆字母) |
注意:本页可能包含Unicode的国际音标。 |
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阿拉姆字母(英語:Aramaic alphabet),又譯阿拉米字母、亞蘭字母,是一種源自北方閃米特字母的輔音音素文字(abjad),通行於今日敘利亞以東的西亞地區。阿拉姆字母主要用來書寫阿拉姆語。現存的阿拉姆字母碑文都在公元前9世紀到前7世紀,大約在公元前8世紀開始與腓尼基字母分化,直到公元前331年波斯帝國瓦解後,開始分化成西亞地區的各種文字,包括今日的希伯來字母都是源於阿拉姆字母。
目录
1 帝国阿拉姆字母
2 Unicode
3 參考
4 外部連結
帝国阿拉姆字母
根據 Franz Rosenthal 的《A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic》重繪;這種字形用於公元前5世紀的埃及。名字同在圣經阿拉姆語中的一樣。
字母名字 |
字母形狀 |
希伯來字母 |
敘利亞字母 |
音值 |
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Ālaph |
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ܐ |
.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important} /ʔ/; /aː/, /eː/ |
Bēth |
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ב |
ܒ |
/b/, /v/ |
Gāmal |
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ג |
ܓ |
/ɡ/, /ɣ/ |
Dālath |
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ד |
ܕ |
/d/, /ð/ |
Hē |
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ה |
ܗ |
/h/ |
Waw |
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ו |
ܘ |
/w/; /oː/, /uː/ |
Zain |
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ז |
ܙ |
/z/ |
Ḥēth |
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ח |
ܚ |
/ħ/ |
Ṭēth |
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ט |
ܛ |
咽音化 /tˁ/ |
Yudh |
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י |
ܝ |
/j/; /iː/, /eː/ |
Kāph |
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כ ך |
ܟܟ |
/k/, /x/ |
Lāmadh |
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ל |
ܠ |
/l/ |
Mim |
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מ ם |
ܡܡ |
/m/ |
Nun |
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נ ן |
ܢܢ ܢ |
/n/ |
Semkath |
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ס |
ܣ |
/s/ |
‘Ē |
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ע |
ܥ |
/ʕ/ |
Pē |
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פ ף |
ܦ |
/p/, /f/ |
Ṣādhē |
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צ ץ |
ܨ |
咽音化 /sˤ/ |
Qoph |
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ק |
ܩ |
/q/ |
Rēsh |
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ר |
ܪ |
/r/ |
Shin |
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ש |
ܫ |
/ʃ/ |
Tau |
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ת |
ܬ |
/t/, /θ/ |
Unicode
皇家亞拉姆字母[1] Unicode chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
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U+1084x |
𐡀 |
𐡁 |
𐡂 |
𐡃 |
𐡄 |
𐡅 |
𐡆 |
𐡇 |
𐡈 |
𐡉 |
𐡊 |
𐡋 |
𐡌 |
𐡍 |
𐡎 |
𐡏 |
U+1085x |
𐡐 |
𐡑 |
𐡒 |
𐡓 |
𐡔 |
𐡕 |
𐡗 |
𐡘 |
𐡙 |
𐡚 |
𐡛 |
𐡜 |
𐡝 |
𐡞 |
𐡟 |
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註釋
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參考
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- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
周有光,(1997年),《世界文字發展史》,ISBN 7-5320-4906-X
- Byrne, Ryan. “Middle Aramaic Scripts.” Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Elsevier. (2006)
- Daniels, Peter T., et al. eds. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford. (1996)
- Coulmas, Florian. The Writing Systems of the World. Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Oxford. (1989)
- Rudder, Joshua. Learn to Write Aramaic: A Step-by-Step Approach to the Historical & Modern Scripts. n.p.: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2011. 220 pp. ISBN 978-1461021421 Includes a wide variety of Aramaic scripts.
- Ancient Hebrew and Aramaic on Coins, reading and transliterating Proto-Hebrew, online edition. (Judaea Coin Archive)
外部連結
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维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:亞蘭字母 |
- Comparison of Aramaic to related alphabets
- The Aramaic and Hebrew Alphabet
- Omniglot entry
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