Drawing ramified coverings with tikz
I want to draw a diagram similar to this one:
For that I started with the following code:
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2);
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5);
end{tikzpicture}
The only thing that I don't know how to do is the curvy parts. I would appreciate some indication.
tikz-pgf
add a comment |
I want to draw a diagram similar to this one:
For that I started with the following code:
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2);
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5);
end{tikzpicture}
The only thing that I don't know how to do is the curvy parts. I would appreciate some indication.
tikz-pgf
add a comment |
I want to draw a diagram similar to this one:
For that I started with the following code:
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2);
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5);
end{tikzpicture}
The only thing that I don't know how to do is the curvy parts. I would appreciate some indication.
tikz-pgf
I want to draw a diagram similar to this one:
For that I started with the following code:
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2);
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5);
end{tikzpicture}
The only thing that I don't know how to do is the curvy parts. I would appreciate some indication.
tikz-pgf
tikz-pgf
edited 5 hours ago
Cragfelt
2,96531028
2,96531028
asked 5 hours ago
Gabriel RibeiroGabriel Ribeiro
25918
25918
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
The following is a pretty manual way to do this. I only did it for the first two lines, I hope you can apply it to the other occurrences. It uses the in
and out
keys of the to
path construction:
documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5) coordinate(a);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2) coordinate(b);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5) coordinate(c);
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0) coordinate(d);
draw[thick]
(a) ++(.25,-.25) coordinate(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (a)
(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (b)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,.25)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,-.25)
;
filldraw
(ab) circle(.05)
;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
This uses the same in and out
trick as Skillmon and puts it into a style dip
, which takes as arguments the horizontal position and the depth, where the sign decides whether the dip is a dip (minus) or a bump (plus). (Let me also mention that you do not need to do something like draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
. If you name the nodes, you can just do draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
and TikZ will make sure to shorten the arrow without you having to compute the coordinates.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{positioning}
newcounter{dip}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[dip/.style args={#1/#2}{/utils/exec=stepcounter{dip},
insert path={%
coordinate (aux1) ({#1-abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux2) ({#1+abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux3)
(aux1) -- (aux2|-aux1) to[out=0,in=180]
++({abs(#2)},#2) coordinate(dip-thevalue{dip}) to[out=0,in=180] (aux3|-aux1)
}}]
begin{scope}[thick,local bounding box=dips]
draw (1,2.5) [dip=5.5cm/-2.5mm]-- (7,2.5);
fill (dip-1) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,2) [dip/.list={2.5cm/-2.5mm,5.5cm/2.5mm}] -- (7,2);
fill (dip-2) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,1.5) [dip/.list={2.5cm/2.5mm,5.5cm/-5mm}] -- (7,1.5);
fill (dip-5) circle[radius=2pt] node[above right=0pt and 5pt]{$b=2$};
draw (1,1) -- (7,1);
draw (1,0.5) [dip=5.5cm/5mm] -- (7,0.5);
end{scope}
node[left=2pt of dips.west] (X) {$X$};
draw (7,-0.5) -- (1,-0.5) node[left=2pt] (Y) {$Y$};
draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
foreach X in {1,2}
{
fill (dip-X|-Y) circle[radius=2pt];
draw[dashed] (dip-X|-Y) -- (dip-X|-0,2.75);
}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
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2 Answers
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active
oldest
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2 Answers
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active
oldest
votes
active
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active
oldest
votes
The following is a pretty manual way to do this. I only did it for the first two lines, I hope you can apply it to the other occurrences. It uses the in
and out
keys of the to
path construction:
documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5) coordinate(a);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2) coordinate(b);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5) coordinate(c);
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0) coordinate(d);
draw[thick]
(a) ++(.25,-.25) coordinate(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (a)
(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (b)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,.25)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,-.25)
;
filldraw
(ab) circle(.05)
;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
The following is a pretty manual way to do this. I only did it for the first two lines, I hope you can apply it to the other occurrences. It uses the in
and out
keys of the to
path construction:
documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5) coordinate(a);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2) coordinate(b);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5) coordinate(c);
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0) coordinate(d);
draw[thick]
(a) ++(.25,-.25) coordinate(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (a)
(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (b)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,.25)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,-.25)
;
filldraw
(ab) circle(.05)
;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
The following is a pretty manual way to do this. I only did it for the first two lines, I hope you can apply it to the other occurrences. It uses the in
and out
keys of the to
path construction:
documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5) coordinate(a);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2) coordinate(b);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5) coordinate(c);
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0) coordinate(d);
draw[thick]
(a) ++(.25,-.25) coordinate(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (a)
(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (b)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,.25)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,-.25)
;
filldraw
(ab) circle(.05)
;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
The following is a pretty manual way to do this. I only did it for the first two lines, I hope you can apply it to the other occurrences. It uses the in
and out
keys of the to
path construction:
documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}
draw (0,0) node {$Y$};
draw (0,2) node {$X$};
draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
draw[thick] (1,2.5) -- (7,2.5) coordinate(a);
draw[thick] (1,2) -- (7,2) coordinate(b);
draw[thick] (1,1.5) -- (7,1.5) coordinate(c);
draw[thick] (1,0) -- (7,0) coordinate(d);
draw[thick]
(a) ++(.25,-.25) coordinate(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (a)
(ab) to[out=180,in=0] (b)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,.25)
(ab) to[out=0,in=180] ++(.25,-.25)
;
filldraw
(ab) circle(.05)
;
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
edited 3 hours ago
answered 3 hours ago
SkillmonSkillmon
23.6k12247
23.6k12247
add a comment |
add a comment |
This uses the same in and out
trick as Skillmon and puts it into a style dip
, which takes as arguments the horizontal position and the depth, where the sign decides whether the dip is a dip (minus) or a bump (plus). (Let me also mention that you do not need to do something like draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
. If you name the nodes, you can just do draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
and TikZ will make sure to shorten the arrow without you having to compute the coordinates.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{positioning}
newcounter{dip}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[dip/.style args={#1/#2}{/utils/exec=stepcounter{dip},
insert path={%
coordinate (aux1) ({#1-abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux2) ({#1+abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux3)
(aux1) -- (aux2|-aux1) to[out=0,in=180]
++({abs(#2)},#2) coordinate(dip-thevalue{dip}) to[out=0,in=180] (aux3|-aux1)
}}]
begin{scope}[thick,local bounding box=dips]
draw (1,2.5) [dip=5.5cm/-2.5mm]-- (7,2.5);
fill (dip-1) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,2) [dip/.list={2.5cm/-2.5mm,5.5cm/2.5mm}] -- (7,2);
fill (dip-2) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,1.5) [dip/.list={2.5cm/2.5mm,5.5cm/-5mm}] -- (7,1.5);
fill (dip-5) circle[radius=2pt] node[above right=0pt and 5pt]{$b=2$};
draw (1,1) -- (7,1);
draw (1,0.5) [dip=5.5cm/5mm] -- (7,0.5);
end{scope}
node[left=2pt of dips.west] (X) {$X$};
draw (7,-0.5) -- (1,-0.5) node[left=2pt] (Y) {$Y$};
draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
foreach X in {1,2}
{
fill (dip-X|-Y) circle[radius=2pt];
draw[dashed] (dip-X|-Y) -- (dip-X|-0,2.75);
}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
This uses the same in and out
trick as Skillmon and puts it into a style dip
, which takes as arguments the horizontal position and the depth, where the sign decides whether the dip is a dip (minus) or a bump (plus). (Let me also mention that you do not need to do something like draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
. If you name the nodes, you can just do draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
and TikZ will make sure to shorten the arrow without you having to compute the coordinates.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{positioning}
newcounter{dip}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[dip/.style args={#1/#2}{/utils/exec=stepcounter{dip},
insert path={%
coordinate (aux1) ({#1-abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux2) ({#1+abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux3)
(aux1) -- (aux2|-aux1) to[out=0,in=180]
++({abs(#2)},#2) coordinate(dip-thevalue{dip}) to[out=0,in=180] (aux3|-aux1)
}}]
begin{scope}[thick,local bounding box=dips]
draw (1,2.5) [dip=5.5cm/-2.5mm]-- (7,2.5);
fill (dip-1) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,2) [dip/.list={2.5cm/-2.5mm,5.5cm/2.5mm}] -- (7,2);
fill (dip-2) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,1.5) [dip/.list={2.5cm/2.5mm,5.5cm/-5mm}] -- (7,1.5);
fill (dip-5) circle[radius=2pt] node[above right=0pt and 5pt]{$b=2$};
draw (1,1) -- (7,1);
draw (1,0.5) [dip=5.5cm/5mm] -- (7,0.5);
end{scope}
node[left=2pt of dips.west] (X) {$X$};
draw (7,-0.5) -- (1,-0.5) node[left=2pt] (Y) {$Y$};
draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
foreach X in {1,2}
{
fill (dip-X|-Y) circle[radius=2pt];
draw[dashed] (dip-X|-Y) -- (dip-X|-0,2.75);
}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
add a comment |
This uses the same in and out
trick as Skillmon and puts it into a style dip
, which takes as arguments the horizontal position and the depth, where the sign decides whether the dip is a dip (minus) or a bump (plus). (Let me also mention that you do not need to do something like draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
. If you name the nodes, you can just do draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
and TikZ will make sure to shorten the arrow without you having to compute the coordinates.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{positioning}
newcounter{dip}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[dip/.style args={#1/#2}{/utils/exec=stepcounter{dip},
insert path={%
coordinate (aux1) ({#1-abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux2) ({#1+abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux3)
(aux1) -- (aux2|-aux1) to[out=0,in=180]
++({abs(#2)},#2) coordinate(dip-thevalue{dip}) to[out=0,in=180] (aux3|-aux1)
}}]
begin{scope}[thick,local bounding box=dips]
draw (1,2.5) [dip=5.5cm/-2.5mm]-- (7,2.5);
fill (dip-1) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,2) [dip/.list={2.5cm/-2.5mm,5.5cm/2.5mm}] -- (7,2);
fill (dip-2) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,1.5) [dip/.list={2.5cm/2.5mm,5.5cm/-5mm}] -- (7,1.5);
fill (dip-5) circle[radius=2pt] node[above right=0pt and 5pt]{$b=2$};
draw (1,1) -- (7,1);
draw (1,0.5) [dip=5.5cm/5mm] -- (7,0.5);
end{scope}
node[left=2pt of dips.west] (X) {$X$};
draw (7,-0.5) -- (1,-0.5) node[left=2pt] (Y) {$Y$};
draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
foreach X in {1,2}
{
fill (dip-X|-Y) circle[radius=2pt];
draw[dashed] (dip-X|-Y) -- (dip-X|-0,2.75);
}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
This uses the same in and out
trick as Skillmon and puts it into a style dip
, which takes as arguments the horizontal position and the depth, where the sign decides whether the dip is a dip (minus) or a bump (plus). (Let me also mention that you do not need to do something like draw[<-] (0,0.35) -- (0,1.65) node[left, midway] {$f$};
. If you name the nodes, you can just do draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
and TikZ will make sure to shorten the arrow without you having to compute the coordinates.)
documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
usetikzlibrary{positioning}
newcounter{dip}
begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[dip/.style args={#1/#2}{/utils/exec=stepcounter{dip},
insert path={%
coordinate (aux1) ({#1-abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux2) ({#1+abs(#2)},0) coordinate (aux3)
(aux1) -- (aux2|-aux1) to[out=0,in=180]
++({abs(#2)},#2) coordinate(dip-thevalue{dip}) to[out=0,in=180] (aux3|-aux1)
}}]
begin{scope}[thick,local bounding box=dips]
draw (1,2.5) [dip=5.5cm/-2.5mm]-- (7,2.5);
fill (dip-1) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,2) [dip/.list={2.5cm/-2.5mm,5.5cm/2.5mm}] -- (7,2);
fill (dip-2) circle[radius=2pt] node[right=3pt]{$b=1$};
draw (1,1.5) [dip/.list={2.5cm/2.5mm,5.5cm/-5mm}] -- (7,1.5);
fill (dip-5) circle[radius=2pt] node[above right=0pt and 5pt]{$b=2$};
draw (1,1) -- (7,1);
draw (1,0.5) [dip=5.5cm/5mm] -- (7,0.5);
end{scope}
node[left=2pt of dips.west] (X) {$X$};
draw (7,-0.5) -- (1,-0.5) node[left=2pt] (Y) {$Y$};
draw[<-] (Y) -- (X) node[left, midway] {$f$};
foreach X in {1,2}
{
fill (dip-X|-Y) circle[radius=2pt];
draw[dashed] (dip-X|-Y) -- (dip-X|-0,2.75);
}
end{tikzpicture}
end{document}
edited 8 mins ago
answered 2 hours ago
marmotmarmot
111k5138260
111k5138260
add a comment |
add a comment |
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