What to do with post with dry rot?





.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0;
}







4















We’re getting ready to paint and I was checking around my porch. There are three columns that support the roof over my porch. One of them had a decorative cross member that was dislodged because of dry rot at the location where the cross member was nailed to the column. I saw some dry rot there and started to excavate the rot.
rot dim 1rot dim 2rot dim 3 can see concrete



Here are some pictures of the bottom of the post. It has a small amount of concrete around the posts. The post goes into the concrete an inch or two deep.



What should I do about this. I think that since there are two others columns supporting the porch roof this one with the rotted base didn’t really affect the general load bearing aspect.



How should I fix this? Just add a lot of bondo, or wood filler, et.



Take the post out and put in a new one? (I don’t want to do this bc I would need to take out all he decorative cross beams.



Cut out the old wood base and graft on a nicer/new to replace the big sections. That we cut out.










share|improve this question


















  • 1





    Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

    – Jimmy Fix-it
    13 hours ago


















4















We’re getting ready to paint and I was checking around my porch. There are three columns that support the roof over my porch. One of them had a decorative cross member that was dislodged because of dry rot at the location where the cross member was nailed to the column. I saw some dry rot there and started to excavate the rot.
rot dim 1rot dim 2rot dim 3 can see concrete



Here are some pictures of the bottom of the post. It has a small amount of concrete around the posts. The post goes into the concrete an inch or two deep.



What should I do about this. I think that since there are two others columns supporting the porch roof this one with the rotted base didn’t really affect the general load bearing aspect.



How should I fix this? Just add a lot of bondo, or wood filler, et.



Take the post out and put in a new one? (I don’t want to do this bc I would need to take out all he decorative cross beams.



Cut out the old wood base and graft on a nicer/new to replace the big sections. That we cut out.










share|improve this question


















  • 1





    Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

    – Jimmy Fix-it
    13 hours ago














4












4








4








We’re getting ready to paint and I was checking around my porch. There are three columns that support the roof over my porch. One of them had a decorative cross member that was dislodged because of dry rot at the location where the cross member was nailed to the column. I saw some dry rot there and started to excavate the rot.
rot dim 1rot dim 2rot dim 3 can see concrete



Here are some pictures of the bottom of the post. It has a small amount of concrete around the posts. The post goes into the concrete an inch or two deep.



What should I do about this. I think that since there are two others columns supporting the porch roof this one with the rotted base didn’t really affect the general load bearing aspect.



How should I fix this? Just add a lot of bondo, or wood filler, et.



Take the post out and put in a new one? (I don’t want to do this bc I would need to take out all he decorative cross beams.



Cut out the old wood base and graft on a nicer/new to replace the big sections. That we cut out.










share|improve this question














We’re getting ready to paint and I was checking around my porch. There are three columns that support the roof over my porch. One of them had a decorative cross member that was dislodged because of dry rot at the location where the cross member was nailed to the column. I saw some dry rot there and started to excavate the rot.
rot dim 1rot dim 2rot dim 3 can see concrete



Here are some pictures of the bottom of the post. It has a small amount of concrete around the posts. The post goes into the concrete an inch or two deep.



What should I do about this. I think that since there are two others columns supporting the porch roof this one with the rotted base didn’t really affect the general load bearing aspect.



How should I fix this? Just add a lot of bondo, or wood filler, et.



Take the post out and put in a new one? (I don’t want to do this bc I would need to take out all he decorative cross beams.



Cut out the old wood base and graft on a nicer/new to replace the big sections. That we cut out.







dry-rot






share|improve this question













share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked 21 hours ago









milesmeowmilesmeow

2,239124778




2,239124778








  • 1





    Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

    – Jimmy Fix-it
    13 hours ago














  • 1





    Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

    – Jimmy Fix-it
    13 hours ago








1




1





Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

– Jimmy Fix-it
13 hours ago





Hopefully you have checked the other posts (or will) for similar problems...

– Jimmy Fix-it
13 hours ago










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















7














Are you sure about the load bearing? It may sag if you are not careful...



Anyway either replace the post completely or make a replacement bottom section and support the rest of the structure - acrow jacks work well for this type of thing.



This is one example of a supplier of acrow jacks - many others... :
https://www.scaffolding-direct.co.uk/new-size-3-acrow-prop-2-4m-4m/






share|improve this answer

































    4














    The post should really be replaced, at the least add a new bottom utilizing a structural splice



    enter image description here



    The issue with the structural splice, the new post section will not be the same dimension as the original, and will be quite noticeable. With a new post, it still may not be the same, but it will not be a noticeable as the splice.



    Another way to do it is to either have a post custom cut to the size of the original.



    Just a mention, it is wise to inspect the other posts at the very bottom. The post pictured since it is in the concrete a bit, the others will be too? The concern is the concrete or actually a course of brick pavers added after the posts were set, made a pocket to hold water which allowed the wood to rot most likely sooner rather than later.






    share|improve this answer
























    • Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

      – milesmeow
      12 hours ago











    • The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

      – Jack
      12 hours ago








    • 1





      What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

      – milesmeow
      11 hours ago











    • Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

      – milesmeow
      11 hours ago






    • 1





      Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

      – Hot Licks
      8 hours ago



















    0














    Take as much of the rotten bits out.
    Soak/spray 2 or 3 times the inside with an epoxy slow hardening paint,
    let it harden pref a few days,
    fill up the hole with a slow polyester selfmixing anchoring cartridge and similar wood



    If you want to see the wood and not polyester, use the same wood 45°routed on the front.
    Epoxy spray the parts that will be in contact with the resin.
    Covering the wood with epoxy spray is because the polyester resin will be soaked up into the wood leaving the filler not to spec.



    I use:
    http://www.ramset.com.au/Resources/Website/Product/Detail/img714p31.jpg



    Make sure everything fits before mucking around with the poly



    In the olden days i used old drained motor oil. 30 years on, the cheap pine still looks ugly and smelly but in good shape in the Netherlands






    share|improve this answer








    New contributor




    Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
    Check out our Code of Conduct.





















      Your Answer








      StackExchange.ready(function() {
      var channelOptions = {
      tags: "".split(" "),
      id: "73"
      };
      initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

      StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
      // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
      if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
      StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
      createEditor();
      });
      }
      else {
      createEditor();
      }
      });

      function createEditor() {
      StackExchange.prepareEditor({
      heartbeatType: 'answer',
      autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
      convertImagesToLinks: false,
      noModals: true,
      showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
      reputationToPostImages: null,
      bindNavPrevention: true,
      postfix: "",
      imageUploader: {
      brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
      contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
      allowUrls: true
      },
      noCode: true, onDemand: true,
      discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
      ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
      });


      }
      });














      draft saved

      draft discarded


















      StackExchange.ready(
      function () {
      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fdiy.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f162061%2fwhat-to-do-with-post-with-dry-rot%23new-answer', 'question_page');
      }
      );

      Post as a guest















      Required, but never shown

























      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      7














      Are you sure about the load bearing? It may sag if you are not careful...



      Anyway either replace the post completely or make a replacement bottom section and support the rest of the structure - acrow jacks work well for this type of thing.



      This is one example of a supplier of acrow jacks - many others... :
      https://www.scaffolding-direct.co.uk/new-size-3-acrow-prop-2-4m-4m/






      share|improve this answer






























        7














        Are you sure about the load bearing? It may sag if you are not careful...



        Anyway either replace the post completely or make a replacement bottom section and support the rest of the structure - acrow jacks work well for this type of thing.



        This is one example of a supplier of acrow jacks - many others... :
        https://www.scaffolding-direct.co.uk/new-size-3-acrow-prop-2-4m-4m/






        share|improve this answer




























          7












          7








          7







          Are you sure about the load bearing? It may sag if you are not careful...



          Anyway either replace the post completely or make a replacement bottom section and support the rest of the structure - acrow jacks work well for this type of thing.



          This is one example of a supplier of acrow jacks - many others... :
          https://www.scaffolding-direct.co.uk/new-size-3-acrow-prop-2-4m-4m/






          share|improve this answer















          Are you sure about the load bearing? It may sag if you are not careful...



          Anyway either replace the post completely or make a replacement bottom section and support the rest of the structure - acrow jacks work well for this type of thing.



          This is one example of a supplier of acrow jacks - many others... :
          https://www.scaffolding-direct.co.uk/new-size-3-acrow-prop-2-4m-4m/







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited 19 hours ago

























          answered 20 hours ago









          Solar MikeSolar Mike

          1,30329




          1,30329

























              4














              The post should really be replaced, at the least add a new bottom utilizing a structural splice



              enter image description here



              The issue with the structural splice, the new post section will not be the same dimension as the original, and will be quite noticeable. With a new post, it still may not be the same, but it will not be a noticeable as the splice.



              Another way to do it is to either have a post custom cut to the size of the original.



              Just a mention, it is wise to inspect the other posts at the very bottom. The post pictured since it is in the concrete a bit, the others will be too? The concern is the concrete or actually a course of brick pavers added after the posts were set, made a pocket to hold water which allowed the wood to rot most likely sooner rather than later.






              share|improve this answer
























              • Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

                – milesmeow
                12 hours ago











              • The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

                – Jack
                12 hours ago








              • 1





                What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago











              • Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago






              • 1





                Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

                – Hot Licks
                8 hours ago
















              4














              The post should really be replaced, at the least add a new bottom utilizing a structural splice



              enter image description here



              The issue with the structural splice, the new post section will not be the same dimension as the original, and will be quite noticeable. With a new post, it still may not be the same, but it will not be a noticeable as the splice.



              Another way to do it is to either have a post custom cut to the size of the original.



              Just a mention, it is wise to inspect the other posts at the very bottom. The post pictured since it is in the concrete a bit, the others will be too? The concern is the concrete or actually a course of brick pavers added after the posts were set, made a pocket to hold water which allowed the wood to rot most likely sooner rather than later.






              share|improve this answer
























              • Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

                – milesmeow
                12 hours ago











              • The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

                – Jack
                12 hours ago








              • 1





                What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago











              • Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago






              • 1





                Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

                – Hot Licks
                8 hours ago














              4












              4








              4







              The post should really be replaced, at the least add a new bottom utilizing a structural splice



              enter image description here



              The issue with the structural splice, the new post section will not be the same dimension as the original, and will be quite noticeable. With a new post, it still may not be the same, but it will not be a noticeable as the splice.



              Another way to do it is to either have a post custom cut to the size of the original.



              Just a mention, it is wise to inspect the other posts at the very bottom. The post pictured since it is in the concrete a bit, the others will be too? The concern is the concrete or actually a course of brick pavers added after the posts were set, made a pocket to hold water which allowed the wood to rot most likely sooner rather than later.






              share|improve this answer













              The post should really be replaced, at the least add a new bottom utilizing a structural splice



              enter image description here



              The issue with the structural splice, the new post section will not be the same dimension as the original, and will be quite noticeable. With a new post, it still may not be the same, but it will not be a noticeable as the splice.



              Another way to do it is to either have a post custom cut to the size of the original.



              Just a mention, it is wise to inspect the other posts at the very bottom. The post pictured since it is in the concrete a bit, the others will be too? The concern is the concrete or actually a course of brick pavers added after the posts were set, made a pocket to hold water which allowed the wood to rot most likely sooner rather than later.







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered 12 hours ago









              JackJack

              20.6k11336




              20.6k11336













              • Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

                – milesmeow
                12 hours ago











              • The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

                – Jack
                12 hours ago








              • 1





                What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago











              • Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago






              • 1





                Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

                – Hot Licks
                8 hours ago



















              • Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

                – milesmeow
                12 hours ago











              • The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

                – Jack
                12 hours ago








              • 1





                What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago











              • Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

                – milesmeow
                11 hours ago






              • 1





                Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

                – Hot Licks
                8 hours ago

















              Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

              – milesmeow
              12 hours ago





              Yes the other posts are in concrete too. They don’t seem to have any dry rot. What is the best way to check without damaging the posts. Just drill a hole?

              – milesmeow
              12 hours ago













              The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

              – Jack
              12 hours ago







              The screwdriver you were using would work on the worst spots by trying to insert it a the bottom were the post meets the concrete. An ice pick, scratch awl or another screwdriver that has a smaller blade will work too. If it sinks in easy, those posts would need repair as well. Drilling a hole would go in easy in any case, since it displaces the wood. It would give an idea still. The methods I mention above would need to separate the wood, which should be much more difficult to do.

              – Jack
              12 hours ago






              1




              1





              What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

              – milesmeow
              11 hours ago





              What about tapping for sound? If it sounds more hollow or less dense at the base that would be the first indication and then I would use an awl or ice pick.

              – milesmeow
              11 hours ago













              Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

              – milesmeow
              11 hours ago





              Just watched this video about splicing. youtu.be/s6naaDBrZSc

              – milesmeow
              11 hours ago




              1




              1





              Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

              – Hot Licks
              8 hours ago





              Before you install the replacement piece, place the bottom end in a bucket with about 2 inches of the best wood preservative you can find (alas, the good ones have been pulled from the market) and let it soak for several hours.

              – Hot Licks
              8 hours ago











              0














              Take as much of the rotten bits out.
              Soak/spray 2 or 3 times the inside with an epoxy slow hardening paint,
              let it harden pref a few days,
              fill up the hole with a slow polyester selfmixing anchoring cartridge and similar wood



              If you want to see the wood and not polyester, use the same wood 45°routed on the front.
              Epoxy spray the parts that will be in contact with the resin.
              Covering the wood with epoxy spray is because the polyester resin will be soaked up into the wood leaving the filler not to spec.



              I use:
              http://www.ramset.com.au/Resources/Website/Product/Detail/img714p31.jpg



              Make sure everything fits before mucking around with the poly



              In the olden days i used old drained motor oil. 30 years on, the cheap pine still looks ugly and smelly but in good shape in the Netherlands






              share|improve this answer








              New contributor




              Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.

























                0














                Take as much of the rotten bits out.
                Soak/spray 2 or 3 times the inside with an epoxy slow hardening paint,
                let it harden pref a few days,
                fill up the hole with a slow polyester selfmixing anchoring cartridge and similar wood



                If you want to see the wood and not polyester, use the same wood 45°routed on the front.
                Epoxy spray the parts that will be in contact with the resin.
                Covering the wood with epoxy spray is because the polyester resin will be soaked up into the wood leaving the filler not to spec.



                I use:
                http://www.ramset.com.au/Resources/Website/Product/Detail/img714p31.jpg



                Make sure everything fits before mucking around with the poly



                In the olden days i used old drained motor oil. 30 years on, the cheap pine still looks ugly and smelly but in good shape in the Netherlands






                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                Check out our Code of Conduct.























                  0












                  0








                  0







                  Take as much of the rotten bits out.
                  Soak/spray 2 or 3 times the inside with an epoxy slow hardening paint,
                  let it harden pref a few days,
                  fill up the hole with a slow polyester selfmixing anchoring cartridge and similar wood



                  If you want to see the wood and not polyester, use the same wood 45°routed on the front.
                  Epoxy spray the parts that will be in contact with the resin.
                  Covering the wood with epoxy spray is because the polyester resin will be soaked up into the wood leaving the filler not to spec.



                  I use:
                  http://www.ramset.com.au/Resources/Website/Product/Detail/img714p31.jpg



                  Make sure everything fits before mucking around with the poly



                  In the olden days i used old drained motor oil. 30 years on, the cheap pine still looks ugly and smelly but in good shape in the Netherlands






                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.










                  Take as much of the rotten bits out.
                  Soak/spray 2 or 3 times the inside with an epoxy slow hardening paint,
                  let it harden pref a few days,
                  fill up the hole with a slow polyester selfmixing anchoring cartridge and similar wood



                  If you want to see the wood and not polyester, use the same wood 45°routed on the front.
                  Epoxy spray the parts that will be in contact with the resin.
                  Covering the wood with epoxy spray is because the polyester resin will be soaked up into the wood leaving the filler not to spec.



                  I use:
                  http://www.ramset.com.au/Resources/Website/Product/Detail/img714p31.jpg



                  Make sure everything fits before mucking around with the poly



                  In the olden days i used old drained motor oil. 30 years on, the cheap pine still looks ugly and smelly but in good shape in the Netherlands







                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.









                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer






                  New contributor




                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.









                  answered 3 hours ago









                  PeterPeter

                  1




                  1




                  New contributor




                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.





                  New contributor





                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






                  Peter is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






























                      draft saved

                      draft discarded




















































                      Thanks for contributing an answer to Home Improvement Stack Exchange!


                      • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

                      But avoid



                      • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

                      • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


                      To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




                      draft saved


                      draft discarded














                      StackExchange.ready(
                      function () {
                      StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fdiy.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f162061%2fwhat-to-do-with-post-with-dry-rot%23new-answer', 'question_page');
                      }
                      );

                      Post as a guest















                      Required, but never shown





















































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown

































                      Required, but never shown














                      Required, but never shown












                      Required, but never shown







                      Required, but never shown







                      Popular posts from this blog

                      GameSpot

                      日野市

                      Tu-95轟炸機