How to install snap packages behind web proxy on Ubuntu 16.04












16















I know how to configure APT to use a web proxy. But what about snap?






16.04 proxy snap







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    16















    I know how to configure APT to use a web proxy. But what about snap?






    16.04 proxy snap







    share|improve this question

























      16












      16








      16


      5






      I know how to configure APT to use a web proxy. But what about snap?






      16.04 proxy snap







      share|improve this question














      I know how to configure APT to use a web proxy. But what about snap?






      16.04 proxy snap




      16.04 proxy snap






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











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      asked Apr 28 '16 at 22:42









      Carlos EstradaCarlos Estrada

      1822211




      1822211






















          6 Answers
          6






          active

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          15














          snapd reads /etc/environment, so setting the usual proxy environment variables there works. On Ubuntu, that's done automatically for you by Settings → Network → Network proxy, so as long as you restart snapd after changing that file you should be set.






          share|improve this answer





















          • 1





            Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

            – julian-alarcon
            May 26 '16 at 13:28











          • @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

            – muru
            Jun 7 '16 at 13:57











          • Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

            – pmatulis
            Dec 19 '16 at 16:18






          • 1





            Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

            – Seth♦
            Jan 11 '17 at 22:07



















          4














          Snap uses snapd daemon. You only need to define http_proxy and https_proxy in /etc/environment and restart the service: systemctl restart snapd.






          share|improve this answer

































            4














            There is another way to add environment variables to systemd services:



            Create a folder for the snap daemon and create configuration files for the environment variables:



            $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/
            
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
            
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf
            
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
            
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf
            
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
            
$ sudo systemctl restart snapd


            After that you can check if the environment variables are set for snapd:



            $ systemctl show snapd | grep proxy
            
  Environment=http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/ https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/
            
  DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf





            share|improve this answer

































              1














              Be careful, because the snapd reads the /etc/environment file instead of get the ENV variable.
              This example below doesn't work:



              export https_proxy=http://<your.ip.here>:3128


              you have to use:



              http://<your.ip.here>:3128





              share|improve this answer































                0














                There is a reported bug:



                https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1579652



                Please subscribe to check changes on it.






                share|improve this answer































                  0














                  Snap service is configured to use special environment file, so you can just add http_proxy variable to it if your current environment variables are not picked up by the snap.



                  Open file:



                  sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/snapd


                  Add:



                  http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128
                  
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128





                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.




















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                    6 Answers
                    6






                    active

                    oldest

                    votes








                    6 Answers
                    6






                    active

                    oldest

                    votes









                    active

                    oldest

                    votes






                    active

                    oldest

                    votes









                    15














                    snapd reads /etc/environment, so setting the usual proxy environment variables there works. On Ubuntu, that's done automatically for you by Settings → Network → Network proxy, so as long as you restart snapd after changing that file you should be set.






                    share|improve this answer





















                    • 1





                      Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                      – julian-alarcon
                      May 26 '16 at 13:28











                    • @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                      – muru
                      Jun 7 '16 at 13:57











                    • Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                      – pmatulis
                      Dec 19 '16 at 16:18






                    • 1





                      Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                      – Seth♦
                      Jan 11 '17 at 22:07
















                    15














                    snapd reads /etc/environment, so setting the usual proxy environment variables there works. On Ubuntu, that's done automatically for you by Settings → Network → Network proxy, so as long as you restart snapd after changing that file you should be set.






                    share|improve this answer





















                    • 1





                      Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                      – julian-alarcon
                      May 26 '16 at 13:28











                    • @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                      – muru
                      Jun 7 '16 at 13:57











                    • Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                      – pmatulis
                      Dec 19 '16 at 16:18






                    • 1





                      Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                      – Seth♦
                      Jan 11 '17 at 22:07














                    15












                    15








                    15







                    snapd reads /etc/environment, so setting the usual proxy environment variables there works. On Ubuntu, that's done automatically for you by Settings → Network → Network proxy, so as long as you restart snapd after changing that file you should be set.






                    share|improve this answer















                    snapd reads /etc/environment, so setting the usual proxy environment variables there works. On Ubuntu, that's done automatically for you by Settings → Network → Network proxy, so as long as you restart snapd after changing that file you should be set.







                    share|improve this answer














                    share|improve this answer



                    share|improve this answer








                    edited Jun 20 '17 at 17:08

























                    answered May 16 '16 at 13:00









                    ChipacaChipaca

                    8,6142244




                    8,6142244








                    • 1





                      Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                      – julian-alarcon
                      May 26 '16 at 13:28











                    • @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                      – muru
                      Jun 7 '16 at 13:57











                    • Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                      – pmatulis
                      Dec 19 '16 at 16:18






                    • 1





                      Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                      – Seth♦
                      Jan 11 '17 at 22:07














                    • 1





                      Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                      – julian-alarcon
                      May 26 '16 at 13:28











                    • @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                      – muru
                      Jun 7 '16 at 13:57











                    • Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                      – pmatulis
                      Dec 19 '16 at 16:18






                    • 1





                      Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                      – Seth♦
                      Jan 11 '17 at 22:07








                    1




                    1





                    Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                    – julian-alarcon
                    May 26 '16 at 13:28





                    Being more specific, the snapd.service file is located here: /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service

                    – julian-alarcon
                    May 26 '16 at 13:28













                    @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                    – muru
                    Jun 7 '16 at 13:57





                    @darkhole one shouldn't edit /lib/systemd/system/snapd.service, but use systemctl edit snapd.service. See my answer: askubuntu.com/questions/659267/…

                    – muru
                    Jun 7 '16 at 13:57













                    Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                    – pmatulis
                    Dec 19 '16 at 16:18





                    Well what if one wants to automate this configuration?

                    – pmatulis
                    Dec 19 '16 at 16:18




                    1




                    1





                    Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                    – Seth♦
                    Jan 11 '17 at 22:07





                    Remember, you will need to restart the snapd service before these changes take effect.

                    – Seth♦
                    Jan 11 '17 at 22:07













                    4














                    Snap uses snapd daemon. You only need to define http_proxy and https_proxy in /etc/environment and restart the service: systemctl restart snapd.






                    share|improve this answer






























                      4














                      Snap uses snapd daemon. You only need to define http_proxy and https_proxy in /etc/environment and restart the service: systemctl restart snapd.






                      share|improve this answer




























                        4












                        4








                        4







                        Snap uses snapd daemon. You only need to define http_proxy and https_proxy in /etc/environment and restart the service: systemctl restart snapd.






                        share|improve this answer















                        Snap uses snapd daemon. You only need to define http_proxy and https_proxy in /etc/environment and restart the service: systemctl restart snapd.







                        share|improve this answer














                        share|improve this answer



                        share|improve this answer








                        edited Apr 2 '18 at 22:35









                        user.dz

                        34.6k1190176




                        34.6k1190176










                        answered Apr 2 '18 at 21:42









                        mmartinmmartin

                        411




                        411























                            4














                            There is another way to add environment variables to systemd services:



                            Create a folder for the snap daemon and create configuration files for the environment variables:



                            $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/
                            
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                            
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf
                            
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                            
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf
                            
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                            
$ sudo systemctl restart snapd


                            After that you can check if the environment variables are set for snapd:



                            $ systemctl show snapd | grep proxy
                            
  Environment=http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/ https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/
                            
  DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf





                            share|improve this answer






























                              4














                              There is another way to add environment variables to systemd services:



                              Create a folder for the snap daemon and create configuration files for the environment variables:



                              $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/
                              
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                              
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf
                              
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                              
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf
                              
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                              
$ sudo systemctl restart snapd


                              After that you can check if the environment variables are set for snapd:



                              $ systemctl show snapd | grep proxy
                              
  Environment=http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/ https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/
                              
  DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf





                              share|improve this answer




























                                4












                                4








                                4







                                There is another way to add environment variables to systemd services:



                                Create a folder for the snap daemon and create configuration files for the environment variables:



                                $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/
                                
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                                
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf
                                
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                                
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf
                                
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                                
$ sudo systemctl restart snapd


                                After that you can check if the environment variables are set for snapd:



                                $ systemctl show snapd | grep proxy
                                
  Environment=http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/ https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/
                                
  DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf





                                share|improve this answer















                                There is another way to add environment variables to systemd services:



                                Create a folder for the snap daemon and create configuration files for the environment variables:



                                $ sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/
                                
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                                
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf
                                
$ echo -e '[Service]nEnvironment="https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/"' 
                                
      | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf
                                
$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
                                
$ sudo systemctl restart snapd


                                After that you can check if the environment variables are set for snapd:



                                $ systemctl show snapd | grep proxy
                                
  Environment=http_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/ https_proxy=http://1.2.3.4:3128/
                                
  DropInPaths=/etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/http-proxy.conf /etc/systemd/system/snapd.service.d/https-proxy.conf






                                share|improve this answer














                                share|improve this answer



                                share|improve this answer








                                edited Oct 26 '18 at 14:43

























                                answered Oct 18 '18 at 11:39









                                Simon SudlerSimon Sudler

                                1,429213




                                1,429213























                                    1














                                    Be careful, because the snapd reads the /etc/environment file instead of get the ENV variable.
                                    This example below doesn't work:



                                    export https_proxy=http://<your.ip.here>:3128


                                    you have to use:



                                    http://<your.ip.here>:3128





                                    share|improve this answer




























                                      1














                                      Be careful, because the snapd reads the /etc/environment file instead of get the ENV variable.
                                      This example below doesn't work:



                                      export https_proxy=http://<your.ip.here>:3128


                                      you have to use:



                                      http://<your.ip.here>:3128





                                      share|improve this answer


























                                        1












                                        1








                                        1







                                        Be careful, because the snapd reads the /etc/environment file instead of get the ENV variable.
                                        This example below doesn't work:



                                        export https_proxy=http://<your.ip.here>:3128


                                        you have to use:



                                        http://<your.ip.here>:3128





                                        share|improve this answer













                                        Be careful, because the snapd reads the /etc/environment file instead of get the ENV variable.
                                        This example below doesn't work:



                                        export https_proxy=http://<your.ip.here>:3128


                                        you have to use:



                                        http://<your.ip.here>:3128






                                        share|improve this answer












                                        share|improve this answer



                                        share|improve this answer










                                        answered Jul 1 '18 at 22:15









                                        Zoltan SzaboZoltan Szabo

                                        111




                                        111























                                            0














                                            There is a reported bug:



                                            https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1579652



                                            Please subscribe to check changes on it.






                                            share|improve this answer




























                                              0














                                              There is a reported bug:



                                              https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1579652



                                              Please subscribe to check changes on it.






                                              share|improve this answer


























                                                0












                                                0








                                                0







                                                There is a reported bug:



                                                https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1579652



                                                Please subscribe to check changes on it.






                                                share|improve this answer













                                                There is a reported bug:



                                                https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/snapd/+bug/1579652



                                                Please subscribe to check changes on it.







                                                share|improve this answer












                                                share|improve this answer



                                                share|improve this answer










                                                answered May 26 '16 at 13:31









                                                julian-alarconjulian-alarcon

                                                33926




                                                33926























                                                    0














                                                    Snap service is configured to use special environment file, so you can just add http_proxy variable to it if your current environment variables are not picked up by the snap.



                                                    Open file:



                                                    sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/snapd


                                                    Add:



                                                    http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128
                                                    
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128





                                                    share|improve this answer








                                                    New contributor




                                                    Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                    Check out our Code of Conduct.

























                                                      0














                                                      Snap service is configured to use special environment file, so you can just add http_proxy variable to it if your current environment variables are not picked up by the snap.



                                                      Open file:



                                                      sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/snapd


                                                      Add:



                                                      http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128
                                                      
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128





                                                      share|improve this answer








                                                      New contributor




                                                      Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                      Check out our Code of Conduct.























                                                        0












                                                        0








                                                        0







                                                        Snap service is configured to use special environment file, so you can just add http_proxy variable to it if your current environment variables are not picked up by the snap.



                                                        Open file:



                                                        sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/snapd


                                                        Add:



                                                        http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128
                                                        
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128





                                                        share|improve this answer








                                                        New contributor




                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.










                                                        Snap service is configured to use special environment file, so you can just add http_proxy variable to it if your current environment variables are not picked up by the snap.



                                                        Open file:



                                                        sudo vim /etc/sysconfig/snapd


                                                        Add:



                                                        http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128
                                                        
https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:3128






                                                        share|improve this answer








                                                        New contributor




                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.









                                                        share|improve this answer



                                                        share|improve this answer






                                                        New contributor




                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.









                                                        answered 10 hours ago









                                                        AlexanderAlexander

                                                        101




                                                        101




                                                        New contributor




                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.





                                                        New contributor





                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.






                                                        Alexander is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                                                        Check out our Code of Conduct.






























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                                                            GameSpot

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                                                            body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} GameSpot 戰地風雲：惡名昭彰2在Gamespot的評論 网站类型 新聞 持有者 CBS 创始人 Pete Deemer Vince Broady Jon Epstein 网站 http://www.gamespot.com/ 注册 Optional (free and paid) 推出时间 1996年5月1日 [1] GameSpot （中国大陆：游戏基地），於1996年5月由Pete Deemer和Vince Broady創立，是一個提供新聞、評論、預告片、下載及其他的相關資訊的電子遊戲網站。GameSpot被一間後來被CNET收購的企業ZDNet所收購。根據Alexa，GameSpot.com是200個網路擁擠最嚴重的網站之一。 除了由GameSpot員工創作的內容，網站還允許用戶寫評論、網誌、之後在網路論壇分享。一些在CNET旗下的GameFAQs分享。 2004年， GameSpot被Spike TV的觀眾選上「電子遊戲賞節目」贏得「最傑出遊戲網站。 [2] 其他的遊戲網站還有IGN、1UP.com、GameSpy是它最大的競爭對手。2008年，根據Compete.com的統計，「gamespot.com」吸引了最少6000萬人的點擊率。 [3] GameSpot的主頁鏈結了到最近新聞、評論、預告、和一些有關遊戲機的入口：Wii、任天堂DS、電腦遊戲、Xbox 360、PSP、PlayStation 2、PlayStation 3。它還有一列「最受歡迎遊戲名單」，還有給用戶快速獲得遊戲資訊的搜尋器。GameSpot 還包括一些小範圍的遊戲機：任天堂64、GameCube、Game Boy Color、Game Boy Advance、Xbox、PlayStation、SEGA Saturn、Dreamcast、Neo Geo Pocket Color、N-Gage、手機遊戲。 目录 1 歷史 1.1 國際歷史 1.2 著名的員工 2 評論和分...
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                                                            日野市

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                                                            body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 日野市 日野市 日文轉寫  • 日文 日野市  • 平假名 ひのし  • 罗马字 Hino-shi 金剛寺（關東三十六不動尊靈場第9號）的不動堂 市旗 徽章 日野市在東京都的位置 日野市 日野市在日本的位置 坐标： 35°40′17″N 139°23′42″E  /  35.6714°N 139.395°E  / 35.6714; 139.395 国家   日本 地方 關東地方 都道府縣 東京都 接鄰行政區 府中市、國立市、立川市、昭島市、八王子市、多摩市 政府  • 市長 大坪冬彦 面积  •  总计 27.53 平方公里（10.63 平方英里） 人口 （2014年12月1日）  • 總計 183,323  • 密度 6,660/平方公里（17,200/平方英里） 象徵  • 市樹 樫  • 市花 菊花  • 市鳥 普通翠鳥 时区 日本標準時間 （UTC+9） 地方公共團體編號 13212-8 邮政编码 〒 191-8686 市役所地址 日野市神明一丁目12番1號 電話號碼 +81-42-585-1111 法人編號 1000020132128 網站 http://www.city.hino.lg.jp/ 人口：日野市官方網頁 日野市 （日语： 日野市 ／ ひのし   Hino shi   * / ? ）為一位于東京都（不含島嶼部分）中央地帶的城市。從東京站乘坐中央線特別快速列車45分鐘即可到該市。面積27.53km²。1963年（昭和38年）11月3日，該市開始實行市制，為全日本第559個市。汽車企業日野自動車的總部位於這裡。 往東京都特別區部的通勤率為20.9%，往八王子市的通勤率為12.0%（平成22年國勢調査）。 目录 1 概要 ...
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                                                            Tu-95轟炸機

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                                                            body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.infobox caption{text-align:center} 图-95 Ту–95 北约代号：熊（Bear） 一架在安格斯空军基地的图-95MS 概觀 類型 战略轰炸机 代號 北约代号： Bear （熊） 乘員 7名 駕駛員2名，機尾炮手1名，其他人員4名 首飛 1952年11月12日 服役 1956年 設計 圖波列夫設計局 產量 超过500架 現況 现役 主要用戶   蘇聯   俄羅斯 衍生機型 图-114、图-119、Tu-95 技术数据 長度 49.50米（162呎5吋） 翼展 51.10米（167呎8吋） 高度 12.12米（39呎9吋） 翼面積 310平方米（3,330平方呎） 空重 90,000公斤（198,000磅） 最大起飛重量 188,000公斤（414,500磅） 發動機 4具库兹涅佐夫NK-12MV型渦輪螺旋槳發動機 功率 4×11,000千瓦（14,800馬力） 性能數據 最大速度 925公里／時（500節，575哩／時） 爬升率 10米／秒（2,000呎／分） 最大升限 12,000米（39,000呎） 最大航程 15,000公里（8,100海浬，9,400哩） 翼負荷 606公斤／平方米（124磅／平方呎） 推重比 235 W／公斤（0.143馬力／磅） 武器装备 機炮 1具/2具AM-23型23公釐雷達控制機砲（機尾） 飛彈 空对地导弹： Kh-20、Kh-22 Kh-26、Kh-55 炸彈 60枚FAB-250炸彈，或 30枚FAB-500炸彈。 其他 载弹量（包括飞弹）：最多15,000公斤（33,000磅） Tu-95熊式MR型機 图-95 （俄语： Ту–95 ， 英语： Tu-95 ），北約代號： Bear （ 熊 ），是蘇聯圖波列夫設計局所研製，是全世界唯一服役的大型四渦輪螺旋槳發動機...
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